Who Betrayed the Jews?: The Realities of Nazi Persecution in the Holocaust by Agnes Grunwald-Spier

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Who Betrayed the Jews? Is a groundbreaking study that examines the various ways Jews were betrayed by their fellow countrymen during the Holocaust. In many cases they regarded themselves as Hungarians, Frenchmen, etc,. First and Jews second, so persecution came as a terrible shock to them. Many had fought for their country in the First World War, but this offered very little protection – not even for those awarded the Iron Cross. They were forced out of their professions and universities. Their neighbours and school friends betrayed them to the authorities. In turn the authorities ‘legally’ withdrew their rights and also stripped them of their possessions under Aryaniszation policies. Many who believed themselves to be Christian were affected by the Nazis’ ruthless racial laws and foudn themselves and their children categorized as ‘half-breeds’. Bodies such as the police and railway companies co-operated with the Nazis in transporting Jews to their deaths or to be subjected to unspeakable medical experiments. The betrayal did not end in 1945 as there is evidence of Holocaust survivors being attacked as they returned home.